The most commonly reported causes of concussion in New Zealand are falls, colliding with an object, being struck by a person (or animal) and driving-related accidents (including bike accidents Figure 1A). 1 As such, while all concussions are mTBIs, not all mTBIs are concussions. 1 This term is often used interchangeably with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the medical literature, however, it more specifically describes a pattern of symptoms and signs that a person may experience following mTBI (see: “ Recognising the symptoms and signs of concussion”). International diagnostic classification systems no longer recognise “post-concussion syndrome” as a diagnostic entity, and the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) no longer accepts this as a diagnosis for brain injury or its subsequent symptoms (see main text for more details on this)Ĭoncussion is defined as “ the acute neurophysiological event related to blunt impact or other mechanical energy applied to the head, neck or body which results in a transient disturbance of neurological function”.Some patients may continue to experience persistent concussion symptoms lasting longer than three months addressing these symptoms can be challenging and may involve reconsidering differential diagnoses, reviewing medicine use and assessing mental health status, other stressors and social support.initial symptom burden, pre-existing mental health conditions, willingness, motivation and support to engage in their recovery. However, recovery is strongly influenced by the timeliness of clinical review and follow-up, effective education delivered at an appropriate level of health literacy (and whether the advice given is culturally appropriate/relevant), as well as other patient-specific factors, e.g. Patients can be reassured that most people who experience a concussion will fully recover within two to four weeks.Patients who have sustained a sports-related concussion should be immediately removed from play, and not return until they have been medically cleared after completing a graduated return-to-play protocol.Initial management of patients with concussion involves physical and mental rest for 24 – 48 hours in most cases patients should then progressively re-engage in normal activities after this rest period, assuming the degree of engagement does not significantly worsen symptoms – excessive rest can prolong recovery. ![]()
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